STAGE 4 ENGINE MASTER: FOUNDATIONS 1930–1989

Дата актуальности: 2026-08-13 Stage: 4 — ENGINE MASTER NORMALIZATION Scope: first chronological pass from the earliest BMW/Dixi-derived passenger-car engines to the late-1980s M40/M42/S14/M21/M88 and M50 launch boundary.

Result

редакционная глава unlocked Stage 4. редакционная глава now creates the first real normalized engine database instead of leaving ENGINE_MASTER_DATABASE.md as an empty template.

• normalized engine/revision rows added: 98;
• petrol: 95;
• diesel: 3;
• explicit engine identifiers now include M78, M328, M335, M337, M06, historical M20/M21, historical M60, modern-family M20, M102, M106, M21D24, M88, M88/3, S14, M40, M42B18 and the M50 boundary;
• unresolved 1950s V8 and selected early application codes remain UNVERIFIED instead of being guessed.

The most important taxonomy correction

BMW engine nomenclature is not historically static. BMW's own long-form history documents:

This means M20 and M60 are historically overloaded designations. A database that simply labels every 1968–1980s large six “M30” and every 1977 small six “M20” loses the original factory nomenclature. редакционная глава stores both the period code and the later family relationship.

Chronological engine eras normalized

1. 1930–1941: early BMW automobile engines

The first rows cover the 748.75 cc four-cylinder DA3/DA4 applications, then the first BMW-designed inline-six line. The primary BMW engine-history source identifies the 1933 BMW 303 engine as M78 and traces later pre-war six-cylinder developments from it. The BMW 328 receives the explicit M328 identifier and the BMW 335 M335.

Where BMW Classic model cards provide displacement/power but not a defensible engine code, the code remains UNVERIFIED.

2. 1952–1965: BMW's post-war restart

The BMW 501 six-cylinder is normalized as M337, including the 65 and 72 output stages. The 1950s all-light-alloy V8 line is normalized by displacement/output revision but not assigned a speculative engine code in this pass. Isetta, 600 and 700 motorcycle-derived engines are likewise represented technically without invented automobile-family codes.

3. 1962–1988: M10 backbone

BMW's official Falkenhausen history explicitly describes the M10 four-cylinder as the backbone of the range from 1962 to 1988 in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0-litre forms. редакционная глава splits the meaningful road revisions: carburettor, TI, injection and 2002 turbo states, rather than pretending “M10 = one engine row”.

4. 1968 onward: large six, M06 → M30

The new 1968 I6 is recorded under BMW's historical code M06, with 2.5 and 2.8-litre launch states. The 1971 3.0-litre carburetted/injected states retain BMW's period labels M21/M20, while the family relationship notes the later M30 nomenclature.

The 745i turbo branch is split into M102 and M106, preserving BMW's own transition from the 3.2-litre to 3.5-litre turbo architecture at unchanged headline output.

5. 1977 onward: compact six, M60 → M20

BMW's compact I6 began under the code M60 and was later renamed M20. редакционная глава then normalizes key M20 revisions used in E21/E30/E34: B20, B23, eta and B25 catalyst/non-catalyst states.

6. Diesel: M21D24

The first production BMW diesel branch is now represented explicitly. Naturally aspirated and turbo versions are separate, and the later DDE electronically controlled turbodiesel is another revision rather than a duplicate 115-output row.

7. BMW M: M88 and S14

The M1's engine receives a full technical row with bore/stroke, compression, Kugelfischer injection, individual throttles, dry-sump lineage notes and 277 output. The M88/3 road evolution used by M635CSi and M5 is separate.

The S14 road family is split into standard 200, catalyst 195, 215 phase, Italian 2.0-litre 320is derivative and 2.5-litre Sport Evolution.

8. Late-1980s transition

M40 and M42B18 enter the table as the next four-cylinder architecture phase. A boundary row records M50 because BMW's own history places completion/debut of this new 24-valve family at the 1989/1990 transition, but full M50/M50TU normalization belongs to редакционная глава.

Quarantined issues, not silently “resolved”

1. BMW 303 prior project material contained M78a / M303 aliases; BMW's engine-history source establishes M78 as the family identifier. Alias history remains in notes rather than spawning fake duplicate engines.
2. BMW 320 1937 has a 1911→1971 cc change that the family summary obscures. Two rows remain.
3. Several localized historical BMW pages label identical numbers as PS/hp/bhp. Units remain source-native.
4. The 1950s V8 exact engine-code nomenclature is still open.
5. E24 BMW 630CS has a BMW Archive narrative calling its 3.0-litre six M20; this conflicts with the broader official BMW six-cylinder history. It is quarantined pending engine-document reconciliation.
6. M635CSi/S38 catalyst chronology remains inconsistent in the current primary sources and is not forced into a finalized S38 row here.
7. The E32 V12 is technically indexed at 4988 cc / 300 PS, but its engine code remains unassigned in this pass because the current primary source used here does not explicitly state it.

Files created/updated

• databases/ENGINE_MASTER_DATABASE.md
• engines/ENGINE-NORMALIZATION-METHODOLOGY.md
• engines/petrol/PART-018-FOUNDATIONS-1930-1989.md
• engines/diesel/PART-018-M21-FIRST-BMW-DIESELS.md
• audit/PART-018-AUDIT.md
• sources/source-registry-редакционная глава.md
• history/coverage-matrix.md
• audit/progress.md
• BMW_COMPLETE_ENCYCLOPEDIA.md

Next Stage 4 pass

редакционная глава: 1990s engine normalization: M50/M50TU, M51, M52/M52TU, M60/M62, M70/M73, S38 late, S50/S52, S62, M43/M44 and market-specific emissions/power splits.